DUI Task Force Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DUI Task eviscerate Experiment - Essay ExampleThe Following is a research study to compare the effectiveness of specialized training with that of unspecialized training in improving the efficiency in which the 12 units of the DUI task bosom prevent DUI related offenses. The researcher tests the management skills of 12 specialized officers, and that of 12 unspecialized officers. He thereafter randomly assigns them to two conventions of 12 people each.One theme consists of specialized trained officers, and the other group consists of unspecialized officers. In this case, the ascendancy group will be unspecialized officers, while the treated group is the specialized officers. In conducting the research, the following methods of data collection will be used.This involves perusing through the records of divers(a) officers under experimentation, to find out their efficiency in conducting their duties. This will also involve a examine at the tickets issued during the last six month s, of the year 2012. This will help in ascertaining the natures of DUI offenses that were common, and how efficient the officers under experimentation managed to reduce them (Dunning, 2012).1) There is a risk of one group imitating the experiences of another group under comparison. This takes say when for instance the control group, which comprises of unspecialized officers, learns about the program, and tries to imitate the results that come from the treated group. This imitation can accept the posttest performance of the unspecialized officers who fall within the control group. The effect of this is that it will not produce an holy result of the experiment.2) Another threat to the internal validity of the program is rivalry among the treated group and control group in relation to compensation. This occurs when there are differences in compensatory packages amongst the control and treated groups. For instance, the unspecialized officers index see the specialized treatment that the specialized

Definition of Philosophy Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Definition of Philosophy - Dissertation ExampleThe paper is aimed to comp atomic number 18 the dickens given definitions of philosophy, ground on Aristotle and Novalis. Aristotle defined philosophy as a body of knowledge that begins with wonder. Novalis defined philosophy as homesickness, or the longing (nostalgia) for a home one never had which results in search for knowledge.Between the two definitions of philosophy, Aristotles view is more logical, thus, it git be considered to best define philosophy. He presented the essential elements that are required to establish the knowledge in philosophy. One is the sense of wonder which drives the quest for knowledge. This element can be considered as the primary phase in the field of philosophizing. Another is wisdom which had been equated with the terms visual modality and the manner of perceiving a concept. This is important because the manner of exploration in the field of philosophy is through hypercritical thinking. While the de finition of Novalis is more artistic and literary in perspective, Aristotles view is more scientific which is important since philosophical thoughts and concepts are established through scientific method and inquiry.

Same Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Same Sex Marriage - Essay ExampleIn an attempt to army the positive aspects of gay marriage, he has ended up disclosing the negative and harmful practices that gay marriage bear potentially inculcate in adults.The first point that is disagreeable in Sullivans essay is his similarity of hetero versed person people with gays. The point he makes is that gays are asking for the compeer status similar to that of the heterosexuals asked for during 1970s. By this, he means that gays should be included in society without any hesitation and should be treated equally. However, what he fails to look is that when heterosexuals were asking for equal status, they were asking for equal status and respect for the opposite and unparalleled responsibilities that women were carrying out in their married life. Females were never given importance and respect for their role in the education and growth of their families. Hence, they were asking to be given equal status to men. However, in gay marr iages there is no such friction as gays cannot fulfill the role of female no matter how feminine a partner is. Hence, comparing gay peoples demand for equal status to the demand of equal status by heterosexuals is absurd.Secondly, Sullivan talks about the psychological wounds that gay men suffer due to heterosexual marriages they are forced into. However, Sullivan fails to look into the future of same-sex marriage. The same-sex marriage can cause immense psychological problems and deeper wounds on children as child needs both, a father and a mother, for healthy emotional and psychological growth. third gear point that is unacceptable in Sullivans argument is his idea of sexual freedom that gays enjoy. Sullivan is saying that sexual freedom is in having sex with anyone and anytime you want to. According to him, more partners mean more freedom. It is difficult to understand how he has come to

NUTRITION RELATED DISEASE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

NUTRITION RELATED DISEASE - Research Paper Examplethither argon two types of nutrients, macronutrients and micronutrients. Macro nutrients provide the bigger part of energy necessary by the existences metabolic functions, whereas micronutrients provide the required cofactors for metabolism to take place. The chart below indicates various sources of foods and nutrients. nourishment borne illness is also referred to as food poisoning. It is any illness that is resulting from consuming, viruses, parasites pathogenic bacteria, natural or chemical toxins which contaminate the food. On the another(prenominal) hand a nutrient related disease results from inadequate or excessive nutrient and food intake resulting to unhealthy conditions like rickets, obesity and kwashiorkor (Archeson, Thorpe, 2013). nourishment that is safe is crucial so as to avoid instances of food poisoning, spread of microbiological dangers which include bacteria such as Salmonella. Food contaminants are mostly res ponsible for spoiling or tainting food and they contain such microorganisms as bacteria, parasites and other toxic substances (Archeson, Thorpe, 2013).Food contaminants usually can cause serious issues and thus resulting in diseases that every social class affects an approximately 76,000,000 million people in the US and at the same time leading to all over 325,000 hospitalizations and over 500 deaths. Thus awareness of possible sources of foodstuff contaminants is a crucial element as far as good nutrition is concerned. A food additive is any stuff added to foodstuff. If its for a direct purpose the additive is known as a direct additive such as the low-calorie sweetener aspartame mostly used in beverages, yoghurt, puddings and chewing gum (Cliver, Rieman, 2002).Several direct additives are mostly found on the ingredient tag of foodstuffs. On the other hand, indirect additives become an locution of foodstuff in small due to the way it is stored, handled and packed. Additives are important because they impart and maintain required

Occupational Safety and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Occupational Safety and Health - Essay Examplesurgical incision of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health Administration).For achieving the specified reductions in the incidence of fatalities, injuries or illnesses OSHA will adopt a dynamic methodology for identifying and addressing the target sectors and hazards which require direct intervention.Though Direct Interventions are an integral take off of workplace safety and health, however lasting solutions should be there for the employers, workers to inculcate the safety and healthy glossiness in the workplace. OSHA would ensure that the resources devoted to achieve this goal should have the ability to replicate the agencys effectiveness through the instillation of safety and heath values among the broad population through harsh compliance, innovation and dedication.OSHA should improve its intelligence gathering, analytical and evaluation capabilities and should also ensure that they inculcate in their rung the requisite knowledge, skills, diversity and the abilities to address the concerned health and safety issues through the use of informational technology and other supportive systems (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health

The defence of self-defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The defending team of self- disaffirmation - Essay ExampleAn individual is allowed in the eyes of the statutory defence to make affair of reasonable force in an attempt to avoid committing a crime in such situations in which the individual can non use up the common fair play to avail himself. It is for the jury to decide as ordinary members of the federation what exactly can be qualified as reasonable force in a sealed case considering its individualistic facts. Ross is physically a very strong man, and he needed to protect himself not provided against the first attempt of Samantha to injure or kill him but also her subsequent attempts. He needed to use at least as a great deal force that would help him achieve that. His use of force did not instantly cause the death of Samantha. Therefore, Ross is innocent in the case of Samanthas death. The defence of self-protection In the case under consideration, although Ross may be pluckd for killing David, yet the blame that has bee n placed on him for killing Samantha is not right because what he did was an attempt to defend himself from the harm that Samantha was fitting about to cause him with her golf club. Self-defence makes a very important part of the English laws doctrine of private defence. Ross should not be found guilty of the murder of Samantha and the defence of self-defence should have been put to the jury. ... English law has self-defence as a staring(a) defence of excuse in any case that includes any kind of assault. This makes self-defence unlike the loss of control that applies bonny for the mitigation of what would be classified as murder to manslaughter otherwise. Unlike loss of control, self-defence is a complete defence. Because of this completeness, the interpretation of self-defence is done in a comparatively conservative manner in grade to avoid the development of a justification standard that is too generous. Increasingly forgiving defences provide the cynical defendants with grea ter incentives of the defences exploitation in their planning of the use of violence as headspring as when they have to make an explanation of the matters following the incident. Jury in the cases involving self-defence are empower to consider the defendants physical characteristics, though such evidence does not have much probative value in reaching the decision if excessive force was implied. According to the principle of public common law, A defendant is entitled to use reasonable force to protect himself, others for whom he is answerable and his property. It must be reasonable (Beckford v R (1988) 1 AC 130 cited in overbold Self Defence, 2011). In the case under consideration, Ross is a heavy man who is more than six feet in height whereas Samantha is petite with a total height of only five feet and three inches. Ross above clean physical structure and excessive strength in comparison to Samantha along with Samanthas below amount height may give Ross some advantage in the eyes of law since not only Ross was too powerful, but also Samantha was too petite in

Londons 2012 Olympics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

capital of the United Kingdoms 2012 Olympics - Essay ExampleSpecifically, this render would present economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts of the developments in the Olympic grade to London. Finally, important issues and concerns pertinent to the Olympic site development in relation to tourism would also be revealed.The Olympic games originated in Olympia, Greece from as beforehand(predicate) as 10th or 9th century B.C. The name Olympic came from the word Olympiad which means an interval of quadruple years between celebrations of the Olympic Games, by which the ancient Greeks reckoned dates. (American Heritage 1) The founder of the Olympic Games is Pelops, named after an island in Greece where Olympia is located. (Ancient Olympic Games par.1) The Olympic games are classified into Summer and Winter games where winter games are catered to winter sports as contrasted to summer games which incorporates sports that date back to the Ancient Olympic games. In the Summer Ga mes, athletes compete in a wide variety of competitions on the track, on the road, on grass, in the water, on the water, in the able air and indoors, in a total of 28 sports. The Winter Games feature seven sports practiced on snow and ice, both indoors and outdoors. (The Modern Olympic Games 2)The bid for the Olympic site in 2012 was indomitable on as early as July 2005 with five countries tender for holding the Olympic Games. The five bidding countries are Moscow, New York, Madrid, Paris, and London. According to BBC Sport (par. 10), news of Londons victory delighted flag-waving supporters who had gathered in Trafalgar Square and Stratford in the East End of London, where the new Olympic park will be built.In its plans for the development of the Olympic site, the official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games specifically emphasized that London put sustainability at the heart of its bid for the 2012

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Case analysis - move Exampleapacity of some other authorize flying English Premiership league clubs such as Chelsea, Manchester United, and Arsenal, who ar the briny competitors of Tottenham Hotspur. For this reason, the club plans to build a refreshed stadium that can have a skill of more(prenominal) than 36,500 so as to remain competitive as the other premier league clubs. Daniel Levy, the current and longtime(prenominal) chairman of Tottenham Hotspur football club, was therefore contemplating on building of the new stadium. He believed that by building new Stadium, Tottenham Hotspur will be able to accrue additional revenue that will make them have a voice in the transfer commercialize for good players.The Tottenham Hotspur football club has a stadium whose capacity is small as compared to the stadium capacity of other top competitors such as Arsenal, Chelsea, and Manchester United. This makes them disadvantaged as they are not able to accrue enough revenue from the stadiu m attendance as compared to their competitors. This is certify because despite having 20 million of fans worldwide and 2.1 million of fans in the United Kingdom, few attendance revenues are constantly raised as the stadium has no capacity to accommodate all the fans who are volition to watch a Tottenham Hotspur match. For instance, when all the 36500 seats are occupied during the match day, 20,000 people are always on the waiting list for the tickets.Because of the limited stadium capacity, the club accrues less revenue as compared to the other top competitors. The fewer revenues accrued make the club less competitive in the transfer market as compared to the other clubs like Arsenal and Manchester United. For this reasons, the club will not be able to acquire good players who can make the club be top four in the league. Lack of top four positions in the league makes the club lose television broadcast revenue and champions league revenues.To ontogeny the attendance revenues of the club, the club intends to build a new stadium that can increase the stadium

International Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business Management - Essay ExampleManufacturing sectors are major(ip) contributors of the national GDP in a number of ways. For instance manufacturing companies, use the national resources as inputs to explain the outputs which can be either exported or used locally depending on the need. The huge unemployment rate in Morocco makes this industry an ideal sector to analyze since it involves a large workforce (Verme et al 2014). Also the manufacturing sector contains a huge degree of clarity on its role in contributing to the GDP of the sylvan. compare the GDP of Morocco with other nations in the region, it will be apparent that the Moroccan GDP exhibits a harvesting of approximately 5 % annually (Verme et al 2014). This is a sign that the country holds potential resources to date success. everyplace the past 3 years the country has enjoyed political stability and continuous production without disruptions. This has seen the rise in its GDP continuously. The Morocca n government is putting in a lot of effort to protect its resources and ensure stability, through which it will give its citizens a foundation to work without engaging on other non-productive activities. As compared to other low economies the Moroccan economy is enjoying international recognition.Apart from the GDP, Morocco exhibits a high GNI in a given financial year (Verme et al 2014). The difference between the GDP and GNI is that while the GDP encompasses the income which the country generates locally, the GNI involves the income which is generated both locally and overseas this means that GDP is the best yardstick to measure performance of a given nation since it entirely points out those factors of production within a countrys disposal. pretentiousness over time has been a major problem in industries inflation is responsible for cutting start of profits because of the frequent changes in the market. The inflation is usually used as an indicator of macroeconomic

Performance of the Leader as Affected by Followers Essay

Performance of the Leader as Affected by Followers - Essay ExampleHowever, as observed, leading does not necessarily imply laudable, good conduct as it is entirely possible to energize destructive behavior through crooked ways (Hock, 2001).In Hocks description, the true leaders are those who correspond the general sense of the community, enabling its conscious, shared values and dogmas to emerge and be transmitted from generation to generation (Hock, 2001). From here comes the belief that a community is eventually directed by the conscious, shared values and beliefs of the individuals of which it is comprise (Hock, 2001). This may be exemplified by two leaders that had different types of followers the non-violent Dr. Martin Luther King and the cruel Adolf Hitler (Warren, 2001).A much better way to understand leader performance as affected by the follower is Hollanders (1997) explanation about the dynamics of leadership. He said that the follower role is expected as cardinal of low power and passive but this is misleading, he believed, because followership is an active accompaniment to leadership. Leaders may be more active, especially in directing, but followers understructure affect a leader as an attentive strategic audience, he said. There exists in fact a two-way support and regulate that are essential to the leader-follower bond (Hollander, 2007). Such are understood as credit that followers quite a little accord or withhold from their leaders, reflecting their loyalty and trust (Hollander, 1997). This ties up with what Barbara Kellerman (2004) warned as bad followership existing in our systems.In a very real sense, followers lead by choosing where to be led (Hock, 2001), affirming the belief that followers have a way of affecting leader performance. This line of reasoning is maintained passim this radical. From definitions of leadership and how it occurs, to leadership characteristics, the discussion leads to the leader-follower affinity, als o called Inclusive Leadership (CCL, 2007) and particularly describes the Idiosyncrasy Credit (IC) archetype of Holland (1968) as a cogent explanation of the dynamics of this relationship. The discussion further delves into followership and goes finally to the topic of leadership performance. This is made distinct from optimum organizational performance where ideally the former is made subject to the latter. The paper includes specific examples of bad leaders and follower influence on the topic of idiosyncratic credits (IC) work propounded by Hollander (1964). It finally concludes with the recommendation that followership as a subject of research should be given importance.Leader-follower relationshipHow relationship develops. Leadership is a field of interaction or a relationship between leaders and followers (Warren, 2001). Such leader-follower relationship ideally evokes the essence of a clear, meaningful purpose and compelling good principles (Hock, 2001), where the relationsh ip develops with the leader and the follower connecting to create one, undivided whole. This means there is no leader who can exist without gaining the support of others (Warren, 2001).Conflicts may come at times between leader and follower, partly on account of leaders and followers processing information from their own subjective, internal frame of reference (Warren, 2001). However, an conglutination may come between the two when followers identify with a leader because the leader fits the followers epitome of

Avaition law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Avaition law - shew Exampleeferences confirm the significance of ALIs product and lend support to our belief that the Restatement (Third) will have a significant influence in establishing a more uniform national products liability law. The Restatement (Third) already is having a notable impact on the products liability jurisprudence of many states.The states treatment of the Restatement (Third) is grouped into three categories. The first category lives of those states that expressly have incorporated various sections of the Restatement into their law. The second category consists of states that expressly have rejected various provisions or principles of the Restatement. The final category consists of states that have cited and discussed the Restatement in a significant way, provided whose treatment of the Restatement falls short of an express acceptation or rejection.The issue before the peremptory speak to of Iowa in Lovick v. Wil-Rich,3 was whether the trial court erred in i ts control to the jury regarding the defendant-manufacturers post-sale duty to warn. In concluding that the instruction was improper, on the grounds that the court failed to inform the jury of the special circumstances affecting the reasonableness of the manufacturers conduct, the Iowa Supreme Court expressly adopted Section 10 of the Restatement (Third), including the need to articulate the relevant factors to consider in determining the reasonableness of providing a warning after the sale. Although Section 10 was consistent, in principle, with Iowa law, the Iowa Supreme Courts adoption of Section 10 in full, and its corresponding rejection of an Iowa standard jury instruction, underscores the significance of the Iowa development.The second category consist of those states that expressly have rejected various aspects of the Restatement (Third). This group consists of Connecticut, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, and Tennessee. Although New Jersey also was unmatchable of the states in the first

Divorce Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Divorce - Case Study ExampleJudge allow this not be a discourse, but I advocate divorce mediation as an eminent step to be taken as a hymeneals buttress before a gallus comes to court. Often wedding ceremonys are saved when divorce mediators arbitrate and collaborate to get couples back together. So quite than making divorce mediation sound as a defect in the system, I would swear the lawyer to cohere to the specific case. ravish divulge the details endemic to the case.Lawyer Yes, your honour. As you state, the relinquish of divorce mediation is an arbitrary one. My client seeks a divorce from her husband, after their five year marriage as a dire resort. The basis for the divorce is that her marriage is devoid of the main ingredients trust and love. Her amiable and physical torture has been chronic and justice has been dilatory. The distraught lady deferred divorce till now and lived with the disquietude of physical attack. She went through physical abuse for simple reason s like not setting the plate right-hand(a) or for bungling up cooking. Kim put her through hell and all she wants is an affable life and trustworthy justice, which the mediation firm failed to provide.Lawyer Jackie is a victim of the system, and we have all the evidence the court require to prove the case. However, let me delineate from the issue and take you to the time of Kims schooling. School reports constantly emulate Kim to be a rough child. He records show a delinquent affectation through his college days likewise. He had been denounced by his affluent parents on account of his drug addiction and other vices. Moreover Kim is constantly in and out of clandestine love affairs. I put forth the court an assimilation of his anomalies. Judge Please also pass the details to the jury so that they can check that there is no dissimilitude and the facts cohere together. Also I would suggest you as a lawyer to abstain from such affectionate statements. Judge (After viewing the docu ments with a discriminate eye) A circumspect view of the records of violence does appall me. However, Kims records also show that he was quite dextrous and diligent at his work as a mechanic. only when let me not deviate from the issue. Was Jackie aware at the time of her marriage that the situation was askew and Kim was a charlatan husband Did she know the situation she would get herself into, with the marriageLawyer Jackies marriage to Kim was more of an understanding by Kims parents, who sought a bride from an affluent family. His agile nature led no clue in the first year of marriage. She soon knew about his duplicity and drug abuse, a caustic issue, but judgement marriage would cure it. After the first happy year, there was anarchy especially when Kim tried to assay her academic pursuits. Jackie is a devout catholic, and tried to circumvent the situation by attempting to talk to Kim about the issues their marriage was facing. But his behaviour just became increasingly canta nkerous and her life was effete with physical and moral abuse. I thus elicit the court to apprehend Kim not just for divorce but also make circuitous moral and personal injury to my client. Judge Jackie could you articulate the

Reliability and Employee Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reliability and Employee Performance - audition ExamplePerformance management is a whole lean system that begins when a job is specify as needed and expectations are clearly communicated to the employee. It ends when an employee leaves your organization.process that allows for the matching of staff and positions, and standards, outcomes, and measures of performance. The role of HRM also includes providing discipline and/or continuing education, mentoring/coaching and feedback, rewards and appraisals, opportunities for advancement, and procedures for exit interviews to minimize turnover.HRM should promote reliability. Many studies find that a behavioral approach, which takes advantage of individuals specific talents and incorporates them into meeting appropriate organizational goals, can be employed in baffleing a reliability organization. This type of approach to human resources management focuses on the specific problems/issues and provides for open mindedness. HRM mustiness determine how each staff member can contribute specifically to the goals of the organization and then develop strategies that will generate quality performance and results. With the behavioral approach, HRM is required to focus on employees actual work habits and not on qualifications and skills.

Death Penalty annotated bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

finis Penalty - An nonated Bibliography Examplestatistical learning on how these individuals were brought to justice through death penalty, and focuses on information related to the race, sex and colour of the individuals who faced this sentence. It even provides statistical information of the farmings in which this penalty was levied and the offenses for which this penalty was levied.Cothern, L., United States., United States., & Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (U.S.). (2000). Juveniles and the death penalty. Washington, DC U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.The subject of sentencing underage or insubstantial individuals to death sentence or death penalty has been under discussion for a very vast period of time. All most all the legal powers of USA, assign death sentence to individuals who are below 18 but the question of whether this sentence is consistent with the juveni le justice system of US has been asked. The report non only focuses on finish Penalty, it even pays attention to the history of death sentence for individuals of all ages and curiously for juvenile. It even focuses on the movements that are opposing its existence and whether juvenile death sentence is justified or not.This imagery provides information about death penalty incidents that have taken place in the jurisdiction of Kentucky State. This report focuses on the total cost involved in death penalty sentences, these costs does not only include social and emotional costs, these costs even include the financial burden that the state has to bare in cases of death penalty. This resource even provides information about the costs experienced by different states of US including Florida, Tennessee, California and Maryland and all the remaining states that are using this way of providing justice. This resource even provides statistical report on the number of people who have been sen tenced for death penalty.Connecticut Repeals Death

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Assignment 2 - Essay patternSuch infections lead a patient to spend more time in ICU and infirmary the infection is responsible for a mortality rate of about 9%. The infection is estimated to occur 48 hours, or more after the patient receives tracheal intubation. Such pneumonia infection may be primordial onset or when it occurs at the initial stages or late onset at the late stages of automatic ventilation. Below is the appraisal of several studies on VAP, with their findings and study designs illustrated, and a critical review of their strengths and weaknesses where relevant. Tolentino-DelosReyes, F. A., Ruppert, D. S., & Pamela, K. S. (2007). Evidence-based practice phthisis of the ventilator mess to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia. American Journal of Critical give care, 3 (4), 12-13. http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17192523 The study examined the companionship of critical care nurses related to the utilization of ventilator rolls in preventing VAP. It was foun d nurses who complied with study findings improved n their knowledge and practical performance in preventing VAP cases. The study showed that short education session can thus improve the performance of nurses and their knowledge. The study investigated factors that contribute to VAP. It was found that VAP rate increased in in CCU patients by 4%, from 24% to 28% in the fourth day caused by high secretions. Therefore, the education weapons platform on nurses to improve their knowledge regarding the use of VAP bundles was successful and resulted to the required change in nurses practices (Hawe et al., 2009). Zaydfudim, V. et al. (2009). Implementation of a real-time compliance dashboard to help reduce SICU ventilator-associated pneumonia with the ventilator bundle. Archives of Surgery, 144(7), 656-62 doi 10.1001/archsurg.2009.117. This study investigated the cause of an electronic dashboard in improving compliance in reduction of VAP rates, and bundle parameters in running(a) inten sive care units (SICU). It was found that dashboard intervention increased the ventilator bundle compliance in SICU from 39% to 89% after the study. Therefore, the article demonstrates that adherence to using such ventilator bundles was effective in reducing VAP cases considerably. The study investigated the relationship between use of ventilator bundles and VAP infections. It was found that compliance with ventilator bundle improved from 39% to 89% by the end of July 2008 decreasing VAP rates by about 6.0 per grounds ventilator days, from an initial mean of 15.2 t0 9.3 per 1000 ventilator days following the dashboard intervention. Therefore use of the dashboard resulted to the required change (Zambuto et al., 2010). Hawe, S. C., Ellis, S. K., Cairns, S. C., & Longmate, A. (2009). Reduction of ventilator associated pneumonia Active versus passive guideline implementation. Intensive Care Med. 35(7), 1180-6 doi 10.1007/s00134-009-1461-0. Epub The article involved the use of an activ e multifaceted bundle aimed at improving supply compliance with evidence based practices in reducing VAP cases. A VIP prevention bundle apply actively and integrated in staff evaluation process resulted in compliance with VAP bundle use. The article analyzed VAP incidences and both mortality and morbidity rates in ICUs. In the findings, compliance with a VAP bundle increased with implementation of active multifacet

Minitab Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Minitab - Assignment ExampleTo determine whether the choice of words of the cover earn influences the response rate, three different cover letters were used in a survey of students at a Midwestern university. Suppose that each of the three cover letters accompany questionnaires sent to an equal number of ergodicly selected students. Returned questionnaires were then classified according to the type of cover letter (I, II, or III). Use the accompanying data to test the hypothesis that the true proportions of in all returned questionnaires tended to(p) by cover letters I, II, and III are the same. Use a 0.05 significance level.As shown in Minitab output, all expected frequencies are greater than 1 and no expected frequency is less than 5. Furthermore, as give tongue to in the problem, the take in is a simple random sample. Therefore, all the assumptions of the test are met.At the 5% significance level, the data permit sufficient evidence to conclude that the hypothesis that th e true proportions of all returned questionnaires accompanied by cover letters I, II, and III are the same.2. A survey was conducted in the San Francisco Bay subject in which each participating individual was classified according to the type of vehicle used close often and city of residence. A subset of the resulting data is given in the accompanying table. Do the data provide convincing evidence of an association between city of residence and vehicle type? Use a significance level of 0.05. You may assume that it is reasonable to regard the sample as a random sample of Bay area residents.As shown in Minitab output, all expected frequencies are greater than 1 and no expected frequency is less than 5. Furthermore, as stated in the problem, it is reasonable to regard the sample as a random sample of Bay area residents. Therefore, all the assumptions of the test are met. standardise residuals greater than 2 in absolute value provide evidence

My Experience and Understanding of Adventure-Based Counselling Essay Example for Free

My Experience and Understanding of risky venture-Based Counselling Essay match to Neill (2004), Adventure therapy is the use of adventure-based performanceivities and/or adventure-based possible action to provide good deal with emotional and/or bearingal problems with nonpluss which work to positive change in their lives. Adventure therapy is also programming aimed at changing specified dysfunctional behavior patterns, using adventure experiences as forms of habilitation and rehabilitation (Priest Grass, 2005).The underlying philosophy of adventure-based counseling (ABC) is existential education and it stresses on integritys personal improvement with full value contract, adventure wave and contest by choice (Schoel, Prouty Radcliffe, 1988). After several lectures, diametrical skills were explained and even utilize on ourselves. In this essay, these theories and experience will be discussed.Adventure-based counseling is part of the means of experiential scholarship . Educational psychologists usually define cultivation as a change in the individual caused by experience (Slavin, 1986, p.104). Through various experiences, people hatful learn from them and gain personal growth. Kolb (1984) suggested an experiential learning cycle, pointing out four essential elements of experiential learning, which are experience, review, conclusion and planning.Applying to Adventure-based counseling, experience means some challenging activities for groups or individuals. Review means encouraging individuals to reflect, describe, communicate and learn from the experience. Conclusion means concluding past and present experiences and planning means applying impudently learning in the future.There are several learning theories explaining how experiences can lead to learning, which means behavioural changes or cognitive developments. Operant conditioning proposed by Skinner states that successes, praise, positive feedbacks or rewards can act as positive reinforce rs so that the subjects would be reinforced to act the same way again. Similarly, failures, punishments or disconfirming comments would act as negative reinforcers which deter the subjects to act again (Skinner, 1968).In adventure-based counseling, participants would causa some challenges and act. several(prenominal) actions would lead to positive results, which would further reinforce participants to act in the same way when they face quasi(prenominal) situations again. Some actions lead to negative results, which make them aware and change their behaviors next time. This can be applied also to changing of personalities and problem-solving skills. Undesirable personalities will be discouraged by failures or negative feedbacks maculation desirable personalities will be reinforced.Bandura suggested social learning theory that people can learn through with(predicate) observational learning and modeling (Bandura, 1986). Through observational learning, people would imitate others behaviors and learn from others successes or failures.In adventure-based counseling, when participants face the challenges individually, they would imitate what other participants do, or take others successes and failures in dealing with the challenges as example. So when they face the challenges, participants would improve along the sequence. When encountering group challenges, participants would imitate the socially desirable behaviors of their group mates or instigate themselves not to behave socially undesirably after observing their group mates failures. This can nurture participants social skills.In cognitive aspect, James Coleman (1977) differentiates between the information assimilation process of the regular classroom and the experiential learning process. In traditional classrooms, knowledge is taught to students through direct instruction and they simply mulct the knowledge. Through information assimilation, the learners are expected to move from cognitive and symbol-p rocessing sphere to the sphere of action through applying the general principles learned into novel situations.Experiential learning is in a reversed order, which involves actions sufficiently iterate that the learner is able to generalize from the experience. However, it is much etched into the brain as the learning can be associated with concrete actions and events, not just abstract symbols or general principles (Mllre, Priest, 1990).There are some all-important(a) principles of adventure-based counseling, namely Full Value find and dispute by Choice (Schoel, Prouty Radcliffe, 1988). Full Value Contract means an agreement among group members to value ones own ideas and needs without ignoring or discounting others. Challenge by Choice means individuals can choose their level of participation in any activity. (Neill, 2007)During our lectures, our lector Lau Sir has explained different theories by involving us to play games. After playing games, Lau Sir would explain how the games worked, the meaning of different procedures, and what can we learn throughout them.In the first lecture, a game throwing the yellowish was played. It is an ice-breaking game, aim at knowing the names of group members. Although it is a very easy game, it has lots of micro-skills included. At the beginning, Lau Sir has asked did anyone feel afraid of the chicken, which could prove his caring to the participants, in order to build up the relationship between the leader and the participants. After one round of the game, Lau Sir required the participants to repeat the process, but with a faster speed, the participants would then move their chairs towards the center. This is using mediate intervention method, helping them to get nearer and involve more into it, without directly telling them to sit closer or involve more.The other micro-skill Challenge by Choice was also frequently used during lectures. For example, the throwing the chicken game in the first lecture, the trust ladder in the second lecture and different games during the nightlong camp. All of these may only be just simply asking the participants that whether they want to play, but it was decisive as it shows the respect to the participants. These skills were the easiest thing being omitted, but without it, the counseling work may be touch on or even have some adverse effects.Although half of the lectures have passed, there is one more High-event Challenge Day and several lectures. I am looking forward to learn more different skills in counseling and leading games.Reference ListBandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action A social-cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall.Coleman, J. A. (1977). Differences between experiential and classroom learning. In M. T. Keeton (Ed.), Experiential learning Rationale characteristics, and assessment, pp. 49-61. San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass Publishers.Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning Experience as the source of learn ing and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall.Mllre, J. C. Priest, S. (1990). Adventure education. State College, DA Adventure Publishing.Neill, J. (2004). Adventure therapy definitions. Retrieved from http//www.wilderdom.com/adventuretherapy/adventuretherapydefinitions.htmlNeill, J. (2007). Adventure-based counseling (ABC). Retrieved from http//wilderdom.com/ABC/Priest, S., Gass, M. (2005). Effective leadership in adventure programming (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL benevolent Kinetics.Schoel, J., Prouty Radeliffe,P. (1988). Islands of healing. A guide to adventure based counseling. U.S.A Project Adventure.Skinner, B. F. (1968). The technology of teaching. New York Appleton-Century-Crofts.Slavin, R. E. (1986). Educational psychology theory into practice. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall.

Philosophy of Music Education in the Indian Context Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of medicine bringing up in the Indian Context EssayThese goals essential be the first and foremost reason why we acquire medicament. To instill an even greater netherstanding and love of the domain thus enabling our students demote a genuine interest and underwrite a life long journey thats under opinen in varying degrees and by dint of diverse roles. Phenix (1986) stress on the fact that be intimateledge of methods makes it possible for a somebody to continue learning and undertake inquiries on his own (p. 11).Estelle Jorgenson in her book Transforming symphony Education eloquently appoints the need for euphony education to be transform for the very reason that children be able to continue evolution their knowledge beyond the classroom. Effective medical specialty education is built of a foundation that encompasses discussions, goals, materials and strategies, found on a teachers knowledge and fancy of medicine and child development, educational g uidelines and overarching, and developing philosophy of medicinal drug education (Fiske, 2012).Before I elucidate my philosophy about medical specialty, I key out the need to clarify my stand as a unison educator who is passionate and determined to upgrade the status of medicine education inside classrooms around India. My Musical Experiences Music has al charges been a firearm of me for as long as I can remember. My earliest memories of harmony, especi each(prenominal)y the performance aspect, goes back to when I was three years old and sang a solo for a Christmas Concert that was organized by the radio station that my father worked at.I have memories of him kneeling on one knee and vie the guitar for me while I sang after which I was delighted to give a big put forward from Santa. Ever since, I have enjoyed performing, and have so felt so comfortable on stage. all told along I grew up listening to Christian gospel music and more contemporary arrangements of hymns. an cillary to that my father offered me a rich experience of Indian hindustani devotional music. I learned songs by ear and didnt realize what I was missing at this point, imagining what I learned in music to be the only route to absorb and internalize it.Performing was something that I enjoyed doing and it came naturally to me, partly because of my advance(prenominal) initiation into leading worship at church. My true test of endurance came about when I was introduced to occidental Classical Music at the age of 14, done the study of two years of piano. My teacher, like many former(a)s around, displayed an extremely formalistic approach and didnt do ofttimes to expand my appreciation of music beyond what was on the page and how I was supposed to read it.In response to this method I didnt enjoy learning from the pages of nonated music books, as much(prenominal) as I did learning by ear, and I continued to develop as a musician who played by ear and improvised at will. Studying opera during undergrad was a trying phase for me because of my inability to connect the dots as easy as I should have been able to. My aural skills remained excellent and I sometimes relied on that to guard me through certain phases. Hard work and determination became my motto, and I spent hours to understand and perfect music that was assigned to me, as I wanted to do my very best.Although I had composed songs earlier, without notating them, the study of music theory opened up a whole new world for me. I could now supply variety and richness to my music through the concepts I was learning. Music became a new delivery for me I was captivated by the way it lent itself to diverse experiences through different melodious comedy roles (something that I wasnt aw ar of or didnt pay attention to earlier). As a Music Teacher Although I initially joined a conservatory to study vocal performance, I found myself deeply bony towards music education, and during my second semester opinion ated to learn more about devising gistful and persuasive trategies to alter the standard of music education in India.This thought emerged from an understanding that I had felt almost cheated for having at sea out on so many years of studying music formally, yet effectively. I didnt have a choice because structured music cultivation simply wasnt available at all the schools that I studied in, or the quality of instruction didnt serve the purpose of educating or informing students like me. What gave the impression of a music class/ littleon at school was in creation an enthusiastic way of keeping students occupied for forty minutes in simple singing, with a project for parents every once a year.We learned songs by rote to perform them, year after year. During those years though, I didnt realize the limitations that this system came with and continued to enjoy the fact that I was in chorus and able to sing. This vacuum remains largely visible and unattended to in schools today, although some music educators in the recent past have taken huge steps towards improving the quality and effectiveness of their instruction in classrooms around India. Their efforts however remain predominantly an enthusiastic endeavor. What is urgently required is certainly something much more than sincere teaching.It calls for a transformation of the present system, giving room for every child to receive superior music education that fits into the whole. The need of every student being met in a transformed educational framework that everlastingly reshapes itself to accommodate new nouss and strategies. After all, as Regelski (2003) rightly points out that music (music education) is for everyone and not just for an elite a few(prenominal). The turning point in my decision to closingly teach music myself came about when I enrolled my four-year-old daughter, Tiara, for after-school piano lessons.I hoped to give her a head start, with the understanding that she neednt have to face the same challenges in learning music, like I had to. However, after a few classes, I realized to my complete dissatisfaction that there was no structure, no thought and imagination, and no clarity in what was being thought to her. Her fingering on the piano was all over the place for the two songs that her teacher worked on Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star. And Baa Baa Black Sheep Her teacher (I later learned wasnt introduced to classical notation), taught her these songs by writing letters in a book and instructing her to commit it to heart.Lesson after lesson they would total the same outline with no emphasis on any former(a) musical aspects whatsoever. I decided I wasnt going to take this lying down I had to do all within my capacity to change the face of music education, as the vast majority of people understand it. I began studying about music education as well, to inform and equip myself for the task at hand. nearly this period, my voice teacher encouraged me to coach student s in voice, and I began shying international from it believing I was under qualified and needed many years of study to begin teaching.However, with a newfound passion and vigor, I accepted to coaching some of his voice students and also began to teach small groups of students on the history of music (because I loved learning about it). Meanwhile, I started training both my young daughters at planetary house constantly developing new ideas and strategies to introduce musical concepts to them. A friend noticed my teaching entitle and asked if I would teach her daughter too, and thus began my professional journey as a music educator. foursome years since then, I find myself accountable for the music instruction I offer to over 250 children crossways various age groups, who are part of my school.The need is so great within schools, and only a few educators are willing to take the extra effort of educating themselves and being channels of superior music instruction-catalysts of sort s. I am blessed to have a team of ten teachers who portion in my trance and work alongside me in imparting music to the children who are part of our music school, Harmony. My long vision is to enhance the music programs in India for the betterment of as many children as possible. Individuals dont realize what theyre missing until theyve been given a taste of it, a glimpse of the bigger delineation (much like my case).Through our school performances I aim on providing a window for the change to take place. A transformation that not only affects my students, but some others around them as well through their individualized interactions with each other and the community as a whole. My Personal Philosophy A field or discipline without philosophical guidance, without critically examined ideals and commitment to their revision in light of the diverse and changing ask of those it seeks to serve, is more akin to an occupation han a profession (Bowman Frega, 2012, p. 23). For my visio n to bear fruit and show turn out of becoming something concrete, I realize the need to develop my philosophy of music to an extent that equips me with the requisite tools to be able to initiate the change that I seek after. In the words of Jorgenson (2008), I want to get the picture beneath the superficial and demonstrable skills to think about the ideas and principles of music teaching, the things that drive and shape.According to Kivy (2002), A practice or discipline or body of knowledge, then, seems to become eligible (If that is the right word) for philosophy, properly socalled, when it becomes for us a way of life when it cuts so deeply into our natures as human beings that we are make to explore and reveal its innermost workings (p. 7). It is necessary for me to clarify the major dimensions of musical experience so I can effectively offer them to, and nurture them within, my students (Reimer, 2003, p. 9), this despite the passion and conviction with which I teach and advo cate the need for arts in schools. I have begun to develop a interactional prospect in my philosophy of music education after my reading and re prying the literature, coupled with practical experiences over the finis few years. Reimer (2003) points out A synergistic mind-set is one open to cooperation as an alternative to contention, to searching for points of agreement or confluence as an alternative to fixating on discord, to recognizing nuances in which seemingly opposed views are opened of some level of contention (p. 30).I agree with Reimers democratic view that musical meaning is meaning that individuals choose to give to and take from music, based on their life experiences and their musical orientations. He further adds that there is to be no one right way, and calls for an adaptation of a synergistic blend in music teaching. Music must involve decision making through judicial decision and connections within a particular role (Reimer, 2003, p. 213). Eisner (1987) illum inates the need for a curriculum that exploits the various forms of representation and that utilizes all of the senses to care students learn what a period of history feels like(p. 7).Similarly, offering students a basis for understanding music in all contexts involves a thorough exploration of musical meaning within its unequivocal parameters, along with contemplation or reflection. Introducing students to the music and other art forms of various cultures is a wonderful way to broaden their understanding of the meaning of music. A student does not need to lose his own musical identity in order to study other music. On the contrary, in learning about other music, a students life is enriched.Reimer states, In the spirit of adding to the self rather than substituting other selves for ones self, the study of the music of foreign cultures enriches the souls of all who are engaged in it (p. 191). Music and Meaning As advocates of music, music educators are often expected to express the meaning of music through words, yet words are incapable of truly describing the beauty and emotion felt through experience. The absorb is not to arrive at a definition and to close the book, but to arrive at an experience (Ciardi, 1975, p. ). Ciardi states that there still lingers belief that a dictionary definition is a satisfactory description of an idea or of an experience (p. 1). Words may attempt to describe music, yet true meaning must be derived from the actual music experience Reimer (2003) discusses the difference between meanings drawn from words or language and the meanings found through music. He writes, Language is created and shared through the processes of conceptualization and communication.Music is created and shared through the process of artistic/aesthetic perceptual structuring, yielding meanings language cannot represent (p. 133). The real power of music lies in the fact that it can be true to the life of feeling in a way that language cannot (Langer, 1942, p . 197). Phenix (1986) highlights the need to look for aesthetic meaning in music concluding that there has to be a delicate balance between descriptive proposition that serves the purpose of laying out a historical background and allowing for freedom to put on perceptual features.Though music may evoke emotions in my students as they compose or serve as an outlet for their feelings when they perform, the ultimate significance of music lies in its ability to symbolize/portray deeply felt emotions. In the pages of his article, How Does a Poem Mean, John Ciardi (1975) shares with the ratifier his view that language is not capable of completely conveying the meaning that is observed through experience. lifespan through the poetry is more powerful than attempting to interpret it. I believe that language does, however, serve a purpose of enhancing and is required when teaching for musical meaning.Words such as diction, metaphor, rhythm, and counter rhythm describe elements that lead t o the understanding of form. Once a student can identify changes in the form through performance, he will have identified the poem in action (p. 95). He will no longer ask what the poem means but will see how it means (p. 95). Ciardi suggests questions such as, wherefore does it build itself into a form out of images, ideas, rhythms? How do these elements become the meaning? and How are they inseparable from the meaning? (p. 100). These questions are helpful in leading a student to the ultimate meaningful experience.Likewise, music students may use their knowledge of musical elements, such as rhythm and dynamics, to see how a piece of music means. Reimer (2003) says language has the essential function of disclosing and explaining the music. Music elements are inseparable from the performance of the music as they help to explain the musical experience. On their own, however, words and definitions remain dull and lifeless. I believe students should be immersed in the experience, wh ile in a chorus, performing their instruments and listening to those around them.Meaning can be discovered through active participation in music and through the emotion and beauty the music portrays, for Music means whatever a person experiences when involved with music (Reimer, 2003, p. 133). Ciardis (1975) statement It is the experience, not the final examination, that counts (p. 3) is particularly striking. The Indian society places high emphasis on examinations in music as with other subjects, very often overlooking the need for students to value their experience through the process of learning.I sometimes feel pressured by the community to meet high concert performance expectations and good examination results. Although I recognize that performance and the International music exams is a wonderful opportunity in which students can share their music with the community, or understand their level of competency, the true reflection of meaning in the music should be experienced in da y-to-day music making within my classroom. I do my best not to focus on the examination repertoire alone but to include other music as well giving them a chance to draw out meanings and experience the music.Ciardi (1975) describes a poem as a dynamic and living thing (p. 10). He continues stating, One experiences it as one experiences life. One is neer done with it every time he looks he sees something new, and it changes even as he watches (p. 10). Similarly, music is capable of revealing something new each time it is experienced. The meanings my students derive from an initial listening of a piece of music may be vastly different than the meanings understood months or years later. The meaning of music constantly changes with personal life experiences and new perspectives.Reimer claims, Music education exists to nurture peoples potential to gain deeper, broader, more significant musical meanings (p. 133). I believe my students should derive their own meanings from the musical expe rience and without my influence. By explaining meanings to them, I face the fear of casting into oblivion the celebration of their own unique experience with the music, much the same way a language teacher might, in more ways than one, take away from the experience of a students feelingful experience of poetry as she explains the meaning in the verses of the poem.Instead of teaching what music means, I will instruct students on how music means, enabling them to derive meaning from experiences that occur beyond the classroom, and within their own roles. Feeling through Music Music does for feeling what language does for thought (Bowman, 1998, p. 200). As a musician, I understand the power of music to evoke feelings. Listening to or performing a great work of music in a concert hall may bring tears or chills to the musician in a way that only music is capable.Similarly, students emotional lives may be heightened by experiences in the classroom. According to Reimer (2003), the emotion al dimension of music-its power to make us feel, and to know through feeling-is probably its most important defining characteristic (p. 72). In Western history, emotion has often been regarded less valuable than intellect (Reimer, 2003). Some people do not consider the arts to be as important as other core subjects such as math and reading in education due to the belief that arts are based on emotions and not reasoning or intellect.Recently, however, scientific scholars have begun to recognize that human intelligence, or cognition, is exhibited in a variety of forms, directly related to functions of the body, and laced to feeling. Dimensions of the mind, once thought to be separate and unrelated, are now known to work together, contributing to the things we know and experience. Anthony Damasio, a research neurologist, believes feeling is likely to be the key factor in human disposition itself and an essential ingredient in human cognition (Reimer, 2003, p. 76). The capacity to fee l pervades and directs all we undergo as living, aware creatures (p. 8).Direct experiences of feeling are em corporeal in music and made available to the bodied experience of those engaged with it (p. 80). The use of descriptive and symbolic language in the classroom, in the teaching of a varied repertoire of expressive music, aids in drawing out these responses of feeling from students. Including music that is minacious and loud or delicate and light will bring out an array of feelings. I believe students should be given an opportunity to articulate these feelings through journaling and in-class discussion.

Girl with a Pearl Earring Essay Example for Free

Girl with a Pearl Earring EssayIn the novel Girl With A Pearl Earring by Tracy Chevalier, Griet faces many challenges which causes her identity to change. Though Griet starts out as an innocent maid who has to follow orders, she starts developing her own opinion and the ability to aim decisions. Griet changes from an dwelling house handmaiden to having the endurance to shargon her opinion to a mature lady, capable of making her own decisions. Many particularors take to the change in Griets identity, but the main factor is Vermeer, her master. At first, Griet is viewed as an innocent girl, who is compelled to take as an maid due to her fathers incapability to provide for her family. She does not want to pull up stakes her family and go to an un bonkn organize, but she has to in order to fulfill her familys needs. This is evident when Griet says to her sister, Agnes, You know I dont want to leave. I swallow to(7). When she arrives at the Vermeer household, she is viewed as a avail with the household chores, and a girl who must follow her masters orders. Later on, she starts to consider the Vermeer household as her own family. I have two families now, and they must not mix(53).This quote demonstrates the fact that Griet is adapting to her environment, and that she has started considering them as her family. This illustrates a change in her identity, as she has changed from a compelled and scared young girl to a maid, capable of adapting to a new environment. Throughout the frame of the novel, Griet starts developing her own opinion along with the courage to speak her opinion. At first, she just went along with what she was told But he was my master. I was meant to so as he said(57).This demonstrates the fact that Griet completes tasks without thinking. Even if she wants to say something, she doesnt, because she gives her opinion no importance. Griet always had the ability to recognize Vermeers pictures strengths and weaknesses, but she didnt hav e the courage to say it. This changes, due to Vermeer, who forces Griet to give her opinion. It is a better painting now(64). This supports Griets change in identity, form being too scared to speaking her understanding to having the courage to give her opinion to her master.Near the end, Griets identity has gone through the process of a young maid to a mature lady. At first, Griets opinion held no importance. She does not have a say in anything. This is evident when she says, What would I think, madam? (157). Griet has certainly developed an opinion, but not the courage to speak it in front of others. She is aware of her status as a maid. This changes throughout the course of the novel. Griet does develop the courage to take the decision of her life as well as carry it out. I did not pick up the knife.I turned and walked from the room(215). This quote illustrates Griets ability to make and carry out decisions. She is not going to tolerate any wrong accusations, and she has lear ned to take a stand for herself. This change occurs due to Vermeer and his art. Somewhere in between, Griet realizes that she has had enough, and shes not going to let anyone pose and accuse her of doing something she didnt do. Vermeer and his paintings made Griet feel that she does hold importance, and no one has the right to accuse her wrongfully.Therefore, Griets identity undergoes a lot of changes throughout the novel. First, she is maid who is duty- bound to work in an unknown place due to her familys needs. As the book continues, she starts developing her opinion as well as the ability to say it. In the end, she is a mature lady with the capability to decide for herself. All of the changes are due to Vermeer. He was the one who accepted her and allowed her to give her opinion, and he was also the one who rejected her by silently standing there while Griet was being wrongfully accused.

Louis XIVs foreign policy Essay Example for Free

Louis XIVs fo die hard form _or_ system of government EssayAssess to what uttermost was Louis XIVs foreign policy less successful later 1684.Up to 1684, Louis XIVs foreign policy had everyowed him to acquire strategically beta grunge which made France to a greater extent secure. In doing so, he overly defended the reputation of the House of Bourbon on the battlefield and thus increased its gloire. However later on 1684, his foreign policy enjoyed less success cod to a combination of factors.The latter half of Louis reign was marked by two major wars the golf club Years War and the War of Spanish Succession. Both of these wars emphasized a decline in France after its peak in 1684. For instance, the results of the nine Years War suggest that France had clearly lost most of the territory gained at the Treaty of Nymegen in 1678. Meanwhile, the War of Spanish Succession did not result in as much success as Louis previous wars. This indicates a less successful foreign polic y after 1684.In terms of territory, Louis only real gain was Spain from the War of Spanish Succession. On the another(prenominal) hand, Louis surrendered all possessions gained since Nymegen, with the exception of Strasbourg, such as Trier, Breisach, Philippsburg and most of Lorraine. Plus, the Spanish Empire had to been carved up, with parts of it going to other atomic number 63an powers. These losses imply that Louis no lasting possessed a dominate influence over Europe the North-Eastern border was yet again vulner adapted to attacks from other nations. To add insult to injury, France and Spain could not unite to become one country.Prior to 1684, the French had been undefeated since Louis took his majority in 1661. However post-1684, in that location were some(prenominal) defeats for the French military, most notably at Blenheim in 1704 and Oudenarde in 1708 after which France was invaded. These defeats thinned the gloire of the French army, which had been feared previous to these defeats. Frances gloire was further diminished when the Allies invaded her during 1708 and 1709. These defeats suggest poor leadership and a deteriorating army which no longer held its causation feared reputation.Other setbacks include destruction of the French navy at the Battle of Cap de la Hogue in 1692. This ended any chances of restoring James II as King of England. Restoring James would alter the parallelism of power in Europe in favour of Louis. The sense of balance of power was extremely important because the balance of power had been in favour of France from 1661 1688.Despite these setbacks, both Louis and France were still able to gain some gloire. Firstly, gaining the Spanish Succession implied that the Bourbons had the upper hand in the dynastic struggle with the Hapsburgs. Secondly, although the French were defeated on some(prenominal) occasions, it did win some important battles, namely at Brihuega and Villa Victoba in 1710. Plus, the results of the Treat y of Utrecht suggest that France was still the dominating power in Europe.It would appear that the achievements of the latter half of Louis reign did not dyad the first half. This is reflected in the French gains in terms of territory and gloire. While the former half of the reign was characterised by territorial acquisitions such as Franche-Comt, Aire, Ypres, and so forth the latter half was highlighted by losing land gained since the Treaty of Nymegen. These losses weakened Frances north-easterly and eastern border, which Louis had worked so hard to protect in the first half of his sovereignty. This loss also meant diminished gloire and cut hegemony. Compared with the initial half of his reign, Louis appears to achieve less in the second half.This decline can be attributed to a combination of factors. Louis foreign policy before 1684 had created plenty of enemies in Europe, namely England, United Provinces, Spain, Holy roman letters Empire and the German Princes. While before the Holy Roman Emperor had to deal with the Turks in the east, Leopold like a shot had a free hand to intervene in the west.Louis foreign policy prior to 1684 had united Europe in hatred of him and France. The Dutch opposed him because he had fought them in the Dutch War, which resulted in sever hurly burly to Dutch trade. German Princes opposed him because Louis had taken land from them via the Policy of Reunion. Leopold also extremityed visit because Louis had illegitimately seized Strasbourg. Compared to the beginning of Louis reign, the European balance of power has shifted against France whereas before there was disunity in Europe, now Europe was corporate in hatred of France.This unity is very important because it shifts the balance of power against France. Whereas in previous wars France was able to isolate enemies, now she had to fight against the whole of Europe.Previous wars had used up Frances resources. Even by 1680 France was already in debt. On the other hand, he r enemies enjoyed better provisions for finance, for example the William lead was able to borrow notes at low rates from of interest from the Bank of England. The minister and generals in the latter part of the reign did not curb the same standard as at the beginning. This is particularly true of the army Villeroi and Villars were spotless shadows of their predecessors. The Allies, on the contrary, had excellent and able generals such as the Duke of Marlborough, Prince Eugene of Savoy and Heinsius. Whereas before France had the dream team of ministers and army generals, now the Allies have superior personnel.France was further weakened by the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, which pressure plenty Huguenots to leave the country. This had a devastating effect on the French economy since many of the Huguenots were merchants, industrialists, engineers, etc. Frances loss was the Allies gain as many of these Huguenots moved to ally countries. As a result, the Allied human resources grew at the expense of France.Although the change in the balance of power in Europe is importantly, ultimately the loss of resources was a more important factor in explaining why France was less successful after 1688. Hugue de Lionne was able to alienate opponents during the War of Devolution and Dutch War, whilst his replacings were not able to do that in the cabaret Years War or War of Spanish Succession. If French diplomats had been able to alienate opponents, then she wouldnt have had to fight the whole Europe. While Conde and Turenne re main(prenominal)ed undefeated, Villeroi and Villars suffered frequent defeats in the hands of the Allies. Had the French army stayed undefeated during the Nine Years War and War of Spanish Succession, then no doubt her gains would have been much more than what she actually received.Part of Louis success in the former half of his reign was due the fact that there was a power senselessness in Europe for France to explore. However, by the seco nd half of the reign, that power vacuum had disappeared. Emperor Leopold had dealt with the Turks on his eastern frontier and could turn his full attention onto the west. While Charles II didnt want to be involved in expensive European warfare, there was no question of that after William III became King of England. This suggests that other European countries no longer had internal problems and were able to take part in European affairs.Another reason for the less successful latter half is the foreign policy of the former half of his reign had caused deep resentment and anger from other powers in Europe. Many countries had been offended by French actions particularly regarding French aggression during the Policy of Reunions. This resulted in them wanting revenge against France.It would appear that Leopolds availability to intervene in the west was a more important factor than other countries wanting revenge against France. Leopold can be seen as Louis nearest contemporary. So, if an y nation or coalition was going to match France, then Leopold had to be in it. This can be seen in the Grand Alliance of the Hague. Therefore, one of the main reasons for a less successful foreign policy post-1688 is because of Leopolds availability to intervene in the west.There is a combination of reasons as to why Louis was less successful after 1688. Some reasons are more than important than others for example, the hatred of France from the Policy of Reunion drove other nations together against France and so the power vacuum, which was there at the beginning of the reign, disappeared. However, ultimately it was the combination of these reasons which caused French foreign policy to be less successful pastime 1688. Unity in Europe alone wouldnt have stopped French aggression. Similarly loss of French resources alone wouldnt have had as much effect had Europe been in disarray.In conclusion, the foreign policy in the latter half of Louis reign was clearly less successful than pre-1 684. In terms of achievements she had secured her berth in Europe by acquiring the Spanish Succession, which ensured that she was no longer surrounded by Hapsburgs Louis had reinforced a Bourbon base in Western Europe which would secure and strengthen both France and Spain. He also left behind a legacy of unprecedented French supremacy during which France was arguably the most hefty country in the world. However, there were failures from his foreign policy as well. The North-Eastern and Eastern frontiers was yet again weakened by the loss of lands which he had worked so hard to acquire before 1684. Furthermore, he left his successor with a Europe united in hatred of France who wanted to curb French power and hegemony.

Motorcycle industry analysis Essay Example for Free

Motorcycle industry compendium EssayDefinition Motorcycles fall into the category called Recreational Vehicle, Motorcycle and Boat Retail Industry. These be companies that retail recreational vehicles, boats, motorbikes, jet skis, and/or re advancedd accessories. In Hoovers classification, based on the atomic subjugate 7 American Industry Classifications System (NAICS) and the older U. S. Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, pedals fall under a smaller subcategory called Motorcycle, ATV, and Personal Watercraft Dealers Industry.This U. S.industry comprises establishments in the main engaged in retailing new and/or utilise bicycles, motor scooters, motorbikes, mopeds, off-road all-terrain vehicles, and personal watercraft, or retailing these new vehicles in combination with repair services and sell replacement parts or accessories. Statistics In terms of looking at the whole industry, motorcycle dealers fool up a majority of the industry when compared with A TVs and personal watercraft dealers. The chart below shows statistics from 2002 comparing the motorcycle dealers with all proto(prenominal)(a) motor vehicle dealers in the industry.As the charts illustrates, motorcycle dealers made up 91. 5% of sales in this industry, while ATVs and personal watercraft dealers only contributed to 8. 5% of sales. Year 2002 Motorcycle DealersAll other motor vehicle dealers (ATV personal watercraft dealers) Total Establishments4,3845144,898 Sales ($1,000)14,636,299 (91. 5%)1,353,829 (8. 5%)15,990,128 (100%) Annual Payroll1,429,316106,6811,535,997 paying Employees46,0374,18850,225 www. industries. hoovers. com Analyzing data for motorcycle dealers between the years of 1997 and 2002 reveals some important information.The results show the growth and portion changes in certain categories pertaining particularally to the motorcycle dealer industry. While the number of establishments only increased approximately 21 percent, the amount of sales increased almost 99 percent. The annual payroll (excluded from the graph) increased 100 percent and the paid employees rose by 59 percent. These figures, illustrated through a bar graph below, indicate a growing industry especially for those companies already in the business with establishments formed. Motorcycle Dealers.Although there are more nonfranchised retailers in the industry, 80 percent of the industrys business is made up of franchised outlets. The average franchised motorcycle outlet generates sales and services almost half a dozen times that of nonfranchised outlets. In addition to selling motorcycles, dealers define up almost half of their business through sales of parts, accessories, and apparel. In 1997 approximately 6. 5 meg motorcycles were owned in the linked States, with California having almost two times more retail outlets than both other state.In terms of rider distribution, California, Texas, newfound York, Florida, and Ohio accounted for more than nonpareil-t hird of all motorcycle self-command in the U. S. In terms of a target market there seems to be no specific or clear differentiation. Below are some statistics that allow one to make judgments based on the Harley Davidson demographic profile. Gender20002001200220032004 Male91%91%91%90%90% Female9%9%10%10%10% Purchasers (2004) 42% Owned Harley-Davidson motorcycle previously 31% Coming off of competitive motorcycle 27% New to motorcycling or puzzlent owned a motorcycle Background and Competition.The earliest motorcycles were basically bicycles powered by small engines, and the motorcycle was considered a relatively cheap alternative to the more expensive, early automobiles. Many U. S. manufacturers produced motorcycles in the beginning World War I, contributing to a dynamic, if not booming, domestic market. Harley Davidson, Orient, Henderson, Cyclone, and Indian were the primary competitors at that time. enthalpy Fords affordable Model-T, however, doomed many motorcycle manufactur ers. In fact, by the end of the Great Depression, the only be manufacturers and sellers of motorcycles were Indian and Harley-Davidson.Indian closed down production and distribution in 1953. The late 1950s and early 1960s saw the first influx of low-priced, smaller Japanese motorcycles and scooters into the United States. Honda began U. S. distribution of its products in 1959, with the slogan, You playact the nicest people on a Honda, to combat the negative image associated with the sport. Yamaha starting selling motorcycles in the United States during 1960 Suzuki followed in 1963 and Kawasakii joined the competition in 1967. BMW opened a U. S. distribution arm in 1975, incorporating in New Jersey.Harley-Davidson ended years of private ownership in 1965 with a public offering of its stock, and ultimately merged with industrial giant AMF in 1969. The oil crisis in the 1970s prompted the popularity of the smaller motorcycles, mopeds, and scooters that were made primarily by Japanes e manufacturers. Dealers sold vehicles to those interested in conserving gas and finding cheap transportation. Harley-Davidsons market share, already dropping, was further threatened by Hondas 1969 entrance into the heavy and super heavyweight segment of the market.By the late 1970s Harley-Davidson faced severe production quality problems in addition to stiff competition. A heed buyout in early 1981 set the course for the companys revitalization. It was protection under higher tariffs however, recommended by the Inter discipline slew Commission that helped shut Honda out of Harley-Davidsons key market.In response, Japanese manufacturers evaded the tariffs by setting up lying plants in the United States. Harley-Davidsons resurrection and Hondas sagging sales worked to even the motorcycle market by the early 1990s. (www. answers.com/ number/motorcycle-dealers) Below is a pie chart that shows the motorcycle industry major players and their market share relative to one other. The B ig 4 Japanese have 70% of the capital dollars in the motorcycle industry. BMW and H-D combine for another 26%. Everyone else is pretty much a rounding error. At least by this measure these six companies (the Big 4 Japs, BMW, and H-D) utterly dominate the motorcycle market in every way that rattling matters. http//www. muddywatersmx. net Industry Trends and Current Events Motorcycling remains one of Americas most popular forms of recreation and transportation.The number of people who enjoy motorcycle activities is comparable to the number of people who engage in fishing, golfing, and camping. Because there are many sizes of vehicles available, motorcycling has become a family recreational activity. In addition to providing enjoyment, motorcycles, scooters, and all-terrain vehicles are used in industry in various ways. (www. answers. com/topic/motorcycle-dealers) The retail motorcycle, moped, and all-terrain industry is strongly affected by national economic trends. Recessionary an d expansionary trends essentially dictate the retail consumption levels of vehicles. According to Irwin Broh Associatess 1998 survey, the average motorcycle rider was a 38-year-old married male with a college education earning $44,250 per year. These older, more affluent riders of 1998 could afford heavier, more comfortable, more expensive motorcycles. Also, the ranks of women motorcyclists continued to grow in the 1990s, rising from 6. 4 percent of riders in 1990 to 8. 2 percent in 1998. (www. answers. com/topic/motorcycle-dealers) The growth from exports became a major player for the motorcycle industry in 2000. The demand by the foreign market was expected to grow well into 2007. The chart below shows the crystalize Destinations for U. S Motorcycles and Parts Exports by country for 2002 to 2003. The top two major players are Canada and Japan. On declination 23, 2003, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) enacted the newest set of emission standards for highway motorcycles Beginning in 2006, motorcycle manufacturers would have to reduce emissions of HC and oxides of nitrogen by 60 percent. (www. answers. com/topic/motorcycle-dealers).

Operations Process Design Essay Example for Free

trading operations Process Design leavenOperations process creation1. IntroductionThe assignment get out be on the manufacturing of concrete assoilher region paving. This crossway has been chosen because its engage is growing rapidly as most people ar interested about the need for deco range their homes, straines, municipalities atomic bite 18 confused in small town regeneration programmes and there is step-up in development buildings and malls in the Eastern curtain. Concrete st wizard paving is preferred instead of early(a)(a) forms because it is versatile, aesthetically attractive, structural, cost efficacious and get hold ofs little or no maintenance if correctly manufactured and laid. Sellers of concrete stone paving in East capital of the United Kingdom argon sourcing it from other provinces or countries, there are very few manufacturers and yet the demand is high.The troupe which exit be started for the manufacturing of stone paving go outing deve lop a business dodge and mission and the operations mission and objectives pass on be reorient to them. The operations mission volition be to provide quality and value for money stone paving in an effective and efficient way. The distinctive competence is the fact the local manufacturing that exit offer customer opportunity to order desired designs instead of choosing from the available designs. The phoner lead also capitalise piteous lead times as the carrefour is locally manufactured and has highly skilled and experienced continue functional team that is innovative.2. Product/service designIn designing the crossing the company will adopt an inter-functional view, meaning that a intersection point must meet the market needs and also sport got a technical advantage. This will be easily accomplished by the company as it be in possession of a team of highly experienced specialists.Strategy for the stone paving is to diametriciation and a product in which a customer fin ds value for money. In designing that product a cross functional team will be formed as this will benefit the organisation to makethe product a success. The team will be composed of all relevant representatives who have expertise in different fields like marketing, operations, engineering and try chain management. Suppliers and customers will be included in the design phase of the product. Similar criteria will be used for selection of suppliers that will be involved in the project. The criteria to be used will be technical expertise, capability, skill and low risk, hence lonesome(prenominal) suppliers who demonstrate these attributes will be considered.Shruder, et al. (2013) suggests that collaboration with customers in the design process is essential as it results in a smooth running of the processes. The collaboration with customers will be considered for the development of the stone paving and different methods will be used to encourage participation like aligning incentives for customers to share knowledge and including them as advisors in the design team.While the stone paving is developed the manufacturability and value engineering activities which are touch with improvement of design and specification at the research, development, design and exertion stages of product development will be considered. The foreseen benefits of implementing manufacturability and value engineering are cost reduction, strangled complexity of the paving, reduction of environmental encounter and extra metreisation amongst others (Heizer and Render, 2011).Literature suggests different techniques that mint be used in the design of products throughout the product life cycle, for the stone paving product techniques that will be used are o racy design this will allow small variations in the production of the paving to be done without affect the product. o computer aided design the computer will be used to develop and inscription the different types of paving. o valu e analysis successful products will be reviewed during the production process to tell improvements.The aspects of design for paving that will be considered include the sizes, types and colours of paving to be manufactured. Further esteem willbe how the product must be manufactured, its quality and market acceptance. The specifications of the product will be meticulous in order to undertake efficient production. Heizer and Render (2011) states that it is vital to define, design and document a product as it determines the equipment, the layout and human resources required.Engineering drawings will be prepared for the stone paving to ground dimensions tolerances, materials and finishes of components. Then a bill of material will list the components, their description and the quantity to make one unit of each type of stone paving. The assembly drawings, assembly charts, route sheets and work orders will be used to assist in the actual production of the paving.The laws and industry standards applicable to the product will be adhered and the product will be produced and delivered in an ethical and environmentally sound and sustainable way.3. Process design check to Schroeder, et al. (2013) there are different types of processes ( down, assembly line, constant, job shop, and project) each being suitable for a specific product produced. The concrete paving slabs are a low to moderate volume and will be produced in different types, sizes and colours, indeed the batch process will be more suitable. The manu instrumenty layout will be designed such that it increases the cleverness and reduces the embarrasss in the process.As different types of paving will be manufactured, e.g. budget manufactured stone, standard manufactured stone, premium manufactured stone and premium ingrained stone amongst others, the type of order fulfilment which will be appropriate is the make to order so as to reduce the cost of inventory, storage and damage. The suppliers will also be arranged such that the orders for supply like concrete and aggregates are delivered just in time for manufacturing.The process for the manufacturing of paving will be according to the stages detailed beneath. 3.1 BatchingAggregates will be used for making the various types of paving. The different aggregate types will be stored separately and so that they are well drained at all times. They will be protected from rain so as to stay dry before being motley with the cement, thus ensuring that the optimum moisture content is not exceeded. The cement will be weighed to an accuracy of 1% take out when batched by whole bags. Aggregates will be weighed to an accuracy of 2%. The weight of the aggregate batched will be adjusted in order to make allowance for moisture contained in the aggregates.3.2 Mixing later on batching, the aggregates and ring-binder will be discharged separately or simultaneously, together with pigment if required, into the amalgamateer and thoroughly mixed before a ny additional water is added. If a mix has high fines contents it may require longer mixing. Based on billhookment of the changeable moisture content of the aggregates or visual sound judgment by operators, water must be added to the mixture to bring it to optimum moisture content. Uniformity is crucial because differences in water content from batch to batch will result in differences in quality. After mixing, the mixture is stored in hoppers ready for dispensing into the moulds.3.3 Filling of mouldsTwo basic principles will be applied for the production machines. The first method takes an amount of mixture and progressively compacts it under chill until a predetermined tallness has been reached. In the second method, a gauged quantity of mixture is compacted for a set finish. Care has to be interpreted for variations in density which may result if the gauged quantities are not consistent or the mixture is not uniformly distributed within the mould. Previbration is often use d to facilitate filling and any gaps in moulds are thenceforth topped up with a second filling of mixture.3.4 CompactionThe standard optimum period of vibration is 3 to 12 seconds and the same standard will be applied when compacting. Concrete pavers with a burdensomeness greater than 80 mm will not be manufactured. Frequency and amplitude of vibration will be optimised for the specific materials being used and the emergence of blocks being moulded per cycle.3.5 curingThe quality of concrete pavers is modify by water curing. Curing can be effected in one of three shipway moisture retention, steam curing and thermal insulation. The methods that will be used are detailed below Moisture retentionThis is the least sophisticated method, is effective for blocks that are less dense and thus play to lose moisture rapidly. Loss of moisture from newly made blocks is prevented by wrapping them in malleable sheeting. Thermal curingNewly moulded paving blocks are placed in an insulated c hamber for a period of 24 hours. Temperature is increased by the heat of hydration of the cement and no additional heat is provided. The method is therefore inexpensive.3.6 Quality inhibitControl measures will be implemented at various critical points during the process and specific tests will be undertaken so as to keep in line that the end product is of high quality.4. LayoutThe company will have a layout dodging that will support its differentiation and value for money schema. The layout strategy is filled at developing an effective and efficient layout that will meet the organisations competitive requirements. According to (Slack, et al., 1998)the layout design must consider the achievement of the following- o maximum utilisation of space, equipment and peopleo improved flow of cultivation, people or materialo improved employee morale and safer working conditionso improved customer interaction, ando flexibility to accommodate changes and founding4.1 Manufacturing equipmen tBatching equipmentWeight batching will be performed to image that a uniform product is obtained and for smaller projects, whole bags of cement will be used if the sizes of batch and mixer are compatible. MixerBecause a semi-dry mixture is used to mould concrete paving blocks, effective mixing will be done with pan and trough mixers. The size of the pan mixer will be related to production so that batches are used up within a commonsensible time. Moulding machinePaving blocks must have fullest possible compaction achieved therefore the equipment must be capable of a high degree of compaction and satisfactory output. Stationary platformts using the pallet scheme will be used as they provide the necessary high levels of vibration and pressure.LINE 1LINE 2LINE 35. StaffingIf an organisation is to achieve its corporate as well as operations strategy and objectives, machines and equipment are not enough. People are needed to perform the operations of the business so that ultimately a product is produced and sold to the customers, thereby making money for the business. Important decisions have to be made regarding the jobs to be performed and the type of skills and competencies people who perform thosejobs should have.The development of the organizational structure should follow after the development of the strategy and the Human Resource department in collaboration with other departments should ensure that the right people are employed and retained for the productivity and sustainability of the business. This businesss structure will be composed of the nucleus business functions which are engineering, operations/manufacturing, marketing and sales, finance, human resources and administration as well as information communication technology. Below is a typical organizational structure that will ensure that the organization in full functions and cross functional teams will be used to ensure utilization of skills and contribution by umpteen towards achievement of the organizational goals.Organisational Structure6. Capacity planningCapacity refers to the number of units that the organisation can hold, befool store or produce in a period of time, this assist in assessing whether the demand will be satisfied or whether facilities will be baseless. It is critical to determine the size of the business with the aim of achieving high levels of utilisation and high return on investment.The choice of equipment and the capacity decisions must be adjust to the organisations mission and strategy. Nigel, et al. (1998) suggests that the following factors be considered in order to obtain good capacity planning, o accurately forecasting the demand,o understanding the equipment, processes and capacity increments, o finding the optimum operational size, ando ensuring the flexibility needed for adjustments in technology, product features and mix as well as volumes.A number of techniques are available and useful for making capacity decisions and those are b ottleneck analysis, good forecasting, breakeven analysis,cashflow and net present value amongst others.Currently the trends show that in East capital of the United Kingdom in the Eastern Cape, the demand for the paving tiles exceeds the supply as a result the prices charged are very high compared to other cities or to other provinces. The places that are selling the tiles exactly buy them from other provinces or countries there is only one manufacturer. Therefore by maximising on the berth economies and focusing at the Eastern Cape market, one could be able to have the desired market share. A risk management plan has to be in place and an aggressive marketing strategy will be designed to ensure customers become aware of our products and the value that can be derived from sourcing paving locally.Bottleneck management will be paid attention to by the Operations Manager as this will impact on the efficiency of the system and utilisation of resources. The four principles of bottleneck management will be taken cognisance of, the principles are o release work order to the system at the pace set by the bottlenecks capacity. o the bottlenecks should always be kept busy with work.o Non-bottlenecks should have planned idle time, as increasing their capacity has no impact on the systems overall capacity. o Increasing capacity of the bottleneck increases capacity for the whole system.Illustration of capacity analysis with parallel processes30 min60 min60 min60 min 28days 1 dayBreak even analysisThe break-even analysis will be figure to determine how many products must be produced before profit can be made. Efforts to reduce the variable costs will be undertaken so that production can be maximised.7. kettle of fish choiceLocation is the geographical positioning of an operation relative to the input resources, other operations or the customers with which it interacts (Slack, et al., 1998). The objective of a repair strategy is to maximise the benefits of location of th e organisation. The strategies used can either be location and costs or location and innovation, for this paving manufacturing company the location and costs strategy will be the focus, innovation will be a long-term factor to be considered.The manufacturing of concrete paving slabs requires cement, aggregates, water chemical substance admixtures, pigments and people amongst other factors. The company will have to identify all the necessary factors that may impact on the business financially and otherwise in order to select the location for manufacturing.A number of methods of evaluating location alternatives can be used to reach an informed decision, the table below shows the factor rating method used to select an appropriate site. Based on the scoring for factors considered important for the site, site A will be the best choice. Factor rating method for two sitesKey success factor Weight Site Site A B Proximity to suppliers 0.3 60 50 Proximity to customers 0.3 65 70 Labour p ool 0.2 45 52 Climate 0.05 60 45 Wage rank 0.05 73 66 Community factors 0.1 50 30 TOTAL 58.2 54.9 The optimum choice will have to be a balance of supply side and demand site factors that are considered important by the organisation for it to maximise its profits. The centre-of gravity method, locational break-even analysis which is a cost-volume analysis to make economic comparison of location alternatives and transportation model can also be used to assist in the choice of location (Heizer and Render, 2011). The company will be located in South Africa and within the Eastern Cape and the to a higher place analysis will assist with choosing the specific site.8. Supply chain designAccording to Heizer and Render (2011) arguing is no longer between companies but with supply chains. A range of suppliers will be interacted with in the manufacturing and marketing of the product and therefore an integrated approach to supply chain management must be used. Supply chain is determining factor of the products product costs, quality, responsiveness and differentiation. A number of supply chain strategies can be used like many or few suppliers, go ventures, vertical integration, virtual companies amongst others. The company must should strategies that will support its objectives, provide competitive advantage and ensure satisfaction of its customers.9. Quality managementIn order to offer quality products to the customers thereby improve revenues and reduce costs, the organization will ensure that quality is managed and continuous improvement efforts are implemented. A variety of techniques can be used to ensure quality is managed, this will start with ensuring that suppliers provide products that meet required standard e.g. cement should comply with SABS EN 197-1 . This will be the norm for other products as well in order minimise the risk of a poor end product. The ISO 9000 process certification, inspections and statistical process fit will be implemented. The Op erators and Quality Assurers will have to be trained on quality standards and methods for checking. The company like other companies will adopt the both the lean and six sigma process improvement approaches asthese have proved to assist most organizations. Quality controlQuality control is defined as the stabilisation and maintenance of a process to produce consistent output (Schroeder, et al, 2013, p210). Throughout the processes critical control points will be defined to control and improve the processes. Control measures will be implemented to- o Monitor changes in materials so that timely changes can be implemented in manufacture. The control measure will be regularly monitoring of changes in grading and moisture content of aggregates, monitoring mix consistence and measuring wet density of blocks. The causes for a change in density will be investigated in order to ensure correction of the root cause. o Routinely monitor the quality of the product for compliance with the specifi cation. The more routine quality and compliance tests will be the checking on dimensions of blocks, testing say-so of blocks and carrying out abrasion tests at an appropriate age.10. ConclusionThe company will achieve its business strategy and maximise profits if it has a clear and well defined operations strategy that is aligned to the business strategy. The use of cross-functional teams and supply chain strategy will assist it to gain competitive advantage and continuous improvement. The product design, process design, layout and supply chain should also support the operations of the company and lead to maximization of profits. Quality must be managed throughout the processes and risks should be mitigated as the environment internally and externally is rapidly changing and technological advancement results in introduction of new products.11. ReferencesHeizer, J. and Render, B., 2011. Operations Management. 10th Ed. London Prentice Hall. Schoeder, R.G., Goldstein, S., and Rungtu sanatham, M.J., Operations Management in Supply Chain. 2013. 6th Ed. New York MacGraw-Hill. Slack, N., Chambers, S., Harland, C., Harrison, A., and Johnston, R., 1998. Operations Management. 2nd Ed. London Pitman Publishing.Samples of products to be manufacturedpicpicSTARTBATCHINGMIXINGMOULDINGCOMPACTIONCURINGPACKAGINGchief operating officerMarketing and Sales SpecialistHuman Resource and Administration SpecialistFinancial SpecialistOperations SpecialistEngineering SpecialistSales representatives x 2Engineering TechnicianSupervisors x 2Packers/ Loaders x 4Quality Assurers x 3ICT TechnicianMachine Operators x 4Maintenance x 2Drivers x 2PackaginggCuringCompactionMouldingMixingBatchingStorageOrderPackagingCuringCompactionnnnMixingMouldingBatchingSTORAGEAdministrator