Carl Rogers Person Centred Theory Psychology Essay

Carl Rogers Person Centred Theory Psychology EssayThis essay get out contain information on the role and function of a pleader and pull up stakes explain and evaluate the key concepts, phenomenology, existentialism, the seven maps of surgery and the half dozen necessity and sufficient conditions for remedy permute and show how these atomic number 18 key for a trainee advocator. As well as looking at locale of military rating, the organismic valuing process, a widey operate mortal and the core conditions cosmosness in specify in a counselling setting. All these in mind influencing the counselling practice of a person training in person centred counselling. All factors to be discussed argon in in any slipway important for a trainee guidance to study as they are all highly beneficial toward the knowledge and understanding aimed before practising in person-centred counselling.Person-centred counselling is a humanistic cuddle, founded by Carl Rogers to promote hum an psychological growth. The aim was to do volume happen upon a more upstanding and creative life for themselves. This get along was to help in a atomic number 53-to-one relationship that of a node and of a counselor-at-law and in more or less cases a group sitting. The role of the counsellor is to be understanding, and without the six incumbent and sufficient conditions, mainly the three core conditions of empathy, congruousness and bland positivistic regard, a counsellor basis non be as understanding as they would similar to think, towards a customer. As without transaction with occasions in their feature life, in own(prenominal) engenderment or encyclopaedism how to non judge aboutone for things that they get down done or how they live their lives, how can they deal with the personal thoughts and feelings of a person that will be brought to a counselling session?Lietaer (1984) as cited in Tursi and Cochrans (2006388) article, saidThe more I accept myself a nd am fitted to be pre move in a comfort subject way with anything that bubbles up in me, without fear or defence, the more I can be receptive to everything that lives in my thickeningIf such training has non been assumption accordingly this could be more detrimental toward a invitee and possibly the counsellor. A problem whitethorn arise with a knob that whitethorn well be very close to home for the counsellor and if this has non in the past been dealt with, may be lie with very hard for the counsellor to attempt to deal with. In such circumstances there should of passage be someone who could supervise or be there for advice. However, the put together this may cede on the counsellor if not dealt with in the pass up manner could be detrimental. Judgements are easy to make, whether they are right or not is not relevant, as a counsellor should not judge. As a training counsellor, the move more or less is to help and guide the trainee to be non-judgemental, to lease c ongruence and to be empathetic. These may prove difficult if the client brings something to the session that goes against everything the counsellor imagines in precisely the unconditional confirming regard and congruence mainly, should be in place. If the counsellor finds this too difficult, referral is an option as yearn as the counsellor stays professional by means ofout.As a counsellor, creation self- aware(p) enables the counsellor to be open to the clients own sleep together, one stem in one foot out. Embracing the clients experiencing but making received not to be taken in whole as this is the journey of the client not of the counsellor as such. This serves the client in moving on as they are feeling listened to as the counsellor is empathic toward them and experiencing in one way, what it is that the client has discoverd or is experiencing, in turn, providing the prerequisite conditions to assist the client on their journey. Knowing that they as a client are ex istence heard goes a long way, as Frankland et al (1995) severalizes that listening to a persons thoughts is entirely different to listening to that of a persons feelings.As part of the British culture, back in the past, population have been taught that for employment big boys do not cry or children are agnisen not heard and that there is a time and a place for emotions of whatsoever kind to be press outed, because not publicly. This can cause problem for a person to listen to anothers feelings genuinely and respecting the feelings of another or on the other hand it can be very hard to express these thoughts and feelings after being told during childhood etc. that this was the wrong way of dealing with the emotions.The role and function of a counsellor is to reassure the client, assuring them that they are in a quiet and safe place. Where a client is able to speak without feeling judged and is able to feel safe enough, to talk approximately their thoughts and feelings and the things that are going on in their life. Although this is a process, and the first some sessions are mainly about the building of trust between counsellor and client. Therefore it is very important that the client does not feel over- agencyed by the counsellor or that the counsellor does not make fun this power. Although it should be obvious at some smear to the client that both client and counsellor are equal. As a counsellor in person-centred counselling the abuse of power can occur, however as Merry (2002) states, a non-directive approach is important.When chase the BACPs guidelines and the training given as a trainee, the misuse of power should not occur. Once the trust is in place, the counsellor can serve the correct environment for the client they now have a meliorate understanding of. A counsellor too helps a client develop an internal locale of evaluation, dissolving any conditions of worth placed upon the client and the client becomes more congruent with themse lves. Building trust with a client that does not want to be there can be greatly difficult and this is where the seven stages of process will come in.The seven stages of process was hypothesised by Rogers as more of a guide for himself and other counsellors to get together whether the client was progressing or stuck at a set stage and to assist bringing a therapeutic transmit for the client. However, for this process to chance on full potential, the six necessary and sufficient conditions must be in place, along-side retentivity the clients trust. The process of change can begin from any of the stages and the client does not necessarily aim from the first stage. For example a client may begin at stage four but at some point go into stage two, because this is no linear process and every client is different. However, once the client is in a set stage they will build on experiences before moving onto the next.Fiedler in the 50s asked a variety of counsellors what they had consider ed the best parts for a therapeutic relationship. Carl Rogers in 1957, essential from Fiedlers investigate and Rogers bring aboutd the six necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change. The three most important factors of the six are that of unconditional compulsive regard, congruence and empathy. Wilkins (2003), states that it has neer been asserted that these are the core conditions but there have been many an(prenominal) studies around these conditions separately and together to see how effective they are. As Sharf (2011) states, research has shown that if the core conditions are in place this can bring therapeutic change. However, these as Wilkins (2003) explains, have never been tested, therefore the results are inconclusive. How can the cadence of unconditional positive regard from a counsellor to a client be measured or even tested?Therapeutic change is openness to experience as McLeod (2003) explains from a client generalising the world to judge it in ti me as personal experience. To derive from the therapeutic change the client must be ready to start the journey of self-exploration, as if a client were to come in at stage one it would be less likely that they would be ready or benefit from the process. This is a process of assisting the client to experience and understand their own value as a person and with this the client neat stronger with their self, slowly becoming closer to a more internal locus of evaluation. Reaching this point is along the right path for the client to aim to reach the self-actualisation.Self-actualisation revolves around incongruence which in turn is inconsistent with the experiencing process. Person-centred therapy can assist a client to reconnect with their self-actualising tendency which had been thwarted in the past by conditions of worth or placing their own locus of evaluation outside of themselves therefore losing their internal valuing process. The actualising tendency, being related to the orga nismic valuing process, which was said by Rogers (1951) that there was one thing that aided the phylogenesis of a person, which he called the actualising tendency. He goes on to state that, if a person was to have had all the love and support during childhood, then they would have been given the right components to help that person to achieve the actualising tendency. Where-as a person who was not given the love and support that was needed to help nourish for the actualising tendency, would suffer from conditions of worth.Conditions of worth are what we acquire as children as there is a strong need to be loved, then being told the appropriate ways to behave and think and sometimes feel which causes people to place conditions that later in life we tend to look for in others or in experiences and if the conditions do not fit that to which are believed to be acceptable, they can be denied all together. These conditions of worth would then go on to become the need for positive regard, trying to please others through what they believe to be the right way or right thing, rather than following what the self wants or needs. This need for positive regard can arrogate the decision making and confidence of a person due to the need to be loved or valued.If a person has had a circumstantial and judgemental upbringing or has been surrounded by critical and judgmental people, this may cause a person to search for approval and positive regard, this takes a person away from their organismic valuing process too, which creates a self-concept. This it-self can create a need for external authorities for guidance or a need to please others, which then in turn becomes incongruent to self. This has been expound as locus of evaluation. Locus of evaluation is what Merry (2002 26) says is a development of positive self-regardvulnerable to the evaluations of others and with this in mind a person can become to not trust their own inner experiencing, therefore becoming external. To sta rt to become a fully functioning person, the locus of evaluation needs to be found and exercised and this can be achieved through person centred counselling. However, a client can choose to stay as functioning without feeling forced to become a fully functioning person.The key concepts in person centred counselling are the self and unconditional Positive regard. The importance of self is a drive inside everybody to achieve full potential, attempting to better themselves i.e. self-actualisation. Maslows hierarchy of needs is the best way to line a persons needs going from the grassroots survival needs of food for thought and water all the way to the top of self-actualisation. The hierarchy fits quite nicely into Rogers person-centred hypothesis, which is all about the self. A person who has been brought back down to the basic survival needs through depression etc., and without realising will go up through this chart and possibly at some point come back down through the stages as there is no do in life to how many times a person will continue up or down the chart. Now, a client, being aware of their own feelings and personal experiences due to starting counselling, can slowly start building themselves back up to achieving the self-actualisation.The actualising tendency was described by Carl Rogers (1959), as summarised by Vincent (2005 25) as the inherent tendency of the organism to develop all its capacities in ways which serve to maintain or enhance the organism.In the counselling journey of a person, self-discovery and self-awareness become apparent, by owning their own feelings when utilise the I statement, and understanding their own needs and feelings, this is called the self-concept. If a person has not reached the point where they state that I feel or I am then this is a state of incongruence to the self as in place of the I statement will be generalisations.As stated by Nevid (2008500) Rogers believed that the self is the centre of the human exper ience.McLeod, (2009) stated that the person centred approach begins and ends with experience and it is this that builds on the phenomenological approaches knowledge. Phenomenology is a persons personal experience and this is central to person centred counselling. McLeod (2009), also states that the aim of phenomenology is to pick out the nature and quality of personal experience whilst bracketing off assumptions, meaning that the counsellor does not apply their own assumptions or experiences into that of a clients. Phenomenology is used in some therapies to explore the clients experience of a bad time that they had or have, working alongside existential philosophy, exploring areas of crisis in the here and now, giving the client the basic understanding that they control their own lives. Tudor et al (2006) states that Rogers was not teaching phenomenology or existentialism but the person-centred approach shares some of the same values and assumptions of both of the approaches/ philos ophies.Carl Rogers believed that if the right conditions were in place in a counselling setting, that a person could achieve self-actualisation. Although the core conditions cannot be proved due to the argument of whether or not it can be measured of how much unconditional positive regard etc. a person has been given, the theory over the years seems to have proven itself with the popularity of people studying the theory or becoming counsellors and people seeking out to be counselled or even sent to see a counsellor. Therefore the role and function of a counsellor in person-centred counselling has been discussed throughout, mentioning key factors such as the seven stages of process, the six necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change and actualising tendency and how these assist a person on their own personal counselling journey. As all factors mentioned, are in some way or other linked to the person-centred theory they are all vital for a trainee counsellor to be lear ning about them and how to use the skills such as empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard, amongst others. The organismic self is of upmost importance in the humanistic approach due to it being the core self and when this is jolted the locus of evaluation is placed outside of the self, causing incongruence to the self and the longer this goes on for can it can become more damaging toward the client psychologically. This is where a client would then search for a counsellor or be sent to see a counsellor, then beginning the journey to becoming a happier person, on the ladder to achieving self-actualisation.ReferencesBurnard, P. (2005). counsellor Skills for Health Professionals stern Edition. Nelson Thornes LTD Cheltenham.Lietaer, G. (1984). Unconditional positive regard A controversial basic attitude in client-centred therapy. In Tursi, M. and Cochran, J. (2006). Journal of Counselling Development. Fall2006, Vol. 84 Issue 4, p388.McLeod, J. (2009). An introduction to counselling Fourth Edition. McGraw-Hill England.Merry, T. (2002). Learning and being in person-centred counselling. Second ed. PCCS Books Manchester.Nevid, J. (2008). Psychology Concepts and applications. Cengage learning USA.Sharf, R. (2011). Theories of mental hygiene Counseling Concepts and Cases. Fifth ed. Cengage Learning Belmont.Tudor, K. and Worrall, M. (2006). Person-Centred Therapy A Clinical Philosophy. Routledge Hove.Tursi, M. and Cochran, J. (2006). Journal of Counselling Development. Fall2006, Vol. 84 Issue 4, p387-396.Vincent, S. (2005). Being Empathic A Companion For Counsellors And Therapists. Radcliffe print Oxon.Wilkins, P. (2003). Person-Centred Therapy in Focus. Sage London.